Minarelli P6, P6S, P6-4, SP6, P6-70, P6CS, P6R, P6CC

Contents:

00  years    carb case  model
1967 part numbers, Motori Minarelli
1. ’69-77? ∅12 ∅44 P6 Normal
1. ’69-77? ∅19 ∅44 P6 Sport
1.
 ’69-70? ∅20 ∅44 P6 Super Sport

2.
’70-77? ∅12 ∅44 P6S (pedals)
2. ’70-77? ∅12 ∅44 P6-4 (pedals)
1971 part numbers
3. ’71-72? ∅22 ∅47 SP6 racing

3.
’72-75? ∅19 ∅47 SP6, P6-70, P6-75
4.
’72-75? ∅12 ∅47 P6CS (pedals)
5. ’74-80? ∅12 ∅47 P6R Radiale
6. ’78-82? ∅18 ∅47 P6CC Corsa Corta

 

Sources:

Piccolo Giolielo – Tecnica Minarelli P4 P6 50cc by Luigi Corbetta
Motoclisimo D’Epoca 4/2003 at  fantichistisettanta.forumfree.it.

Catalogo Ricambi Generale 1979 by Motori Minarelli
at  passione50cc.forumfree.it.

Tecnica Motori Minarelli 50cc P4 ovalino, Monza, Cadetti, Cross
by motomorini173 at  moto gran premio e 50ini.

Eclates des Moteurs collected by The Minarellist   
parts for sale, free pdf manuals at  Le Minarelliste.

Esplosi Motore Minarelli   
illustrations and parts lists at luke3d.org.

 

Gear teeth totals: black is known, grey is assumed
’63-74 00      10+1=43  13+2=43  16+3=43  18+4
63-66 P4    x 10+33 43  14+29 43  18+26 44  20+23 43
66-67 P4S  x 10+33 43  14+29 43  18+26 44  20+23 43
71-73 P4V O 10+33 43  14+29 43  18+26 44  20+23 43
72-74 P4-70 10+33 43  14+29 43  18+26 =44  20+23 43
’69-80 00      10+1=43  13+2=43  16+3=43  18+4=43  21+5=44  23+6
69-77 P6       10+33 43  13+30 43  16+27 43  18+25 43  20+24 44  21+23 44
70-77 P6S     10+33 43  13+30 43  16+27 43  18+25 43  20+24 44  21+23 44
70-77 P6S     10+33 43  13+30 43  16+27 43  18+25 43  21+23 44  23+21 44

70-77 P6-4   10+33 43  13+30 43  16+27 43  18+25 43 
71-75 SP6     10+33 43  13+30 43  16+27 43  18+25 43  20+24 44  21+23 44
72-75 P6CS  10+33 43  13+30 43  16+27 43  18+25 43  21+23 44  23+21 44
73-74 P6-70 10+33 43  13+30 43  16+27 43  18+25 43  21+23 44  23+21 44
74-75 P6-75 10+33 43  13+30 43  16+27 43  18+25 43  21+23 44  23+21 44
74-80 P6R 0 10+33 43  13+30 43  16+27 43  18+25 43  20+24 44  21+23 44
’78-82 00      10+1=43  13+2=43  16+3=43  18+4=43  21+5=44  23+6
78-82 P6CC  11+32 43  14+29 43  16+27 43  18+25 43  19+24 43  20+23 43

 


1. 1969-77 Minarelli P6


1. 1969 P6 Owners Manual has 3 versions
1. P6 Normal SHA 14/12 carb ∅32-exhaust cylinder, 13T
1. P6 Sport with UA 19 S carb, ∅32-exhaust cylinder, 14T
1. P6 Super Sport UB 20 carb ∅35 cyl, Record head, 14T
2. P6 Super Sport

 

Same as P4S: The bore and stroke remain the same, 38.8 x 42. The cylinder base diameter and cylinder studs remained the same, 44 and M6 x 110 spaced 40 x 40. The head, cylinder and piston are the same as P4S. Compression ratio 9 to 1. 

P6 changes: The center width of the crankshaft, between the crank bearings, increased from 32mm on the P4, to 36mm on the P6. The cases changed from P4 rounded to P6 angular.

 


2. 1970-77 Minarelli P6S, P6-4

P6S has pedals and a 6-speed foot-shift transmission. It’s the same as ’69-77 P6 Normal except for pedals.

P6-4 has pedals and a 4-speed foot-shift transmission that is convertible to 6-speed. It’s a P6S with two of the gears missing.


S4 1967# Minarelli# price  S is P6S (pedal), 4 is P6-4 (pedal)
11 012050 71.0410.0 none  piston kit 38.8 ball top
11 012050 00.0000.0 $60.0 piston kit 38.8 GOL 0034
22 012054 68.0115.0 $10.0 piston ring each 38.8 x 1.5 GN
11 162000 38.0021.0  none  crankshaft, full circle, width 36
11 162000 38.0017.0  none  rod Ø15.00 x 14 for needle bearing
11 162002 77.0152.0  none  head 38.8 Sport QUADRO
11 162003 19.0306.0  none  cylinder ∅38.8 M32 ex thread
11 162004 70.0130.0  none  right case ∅44 P6 angular
11 162005 70.0630.0  none  left case ∅44 P6 angular
11 162006 21.0220.0  none  clutch cover 7-bolt
11 162007 21.0328.0  none  magneto cover
11 162009    16.2009  none  exhaust nut for ∅32
11 162008 75.1030.0  none  name plate Motori Minarelli
44 162010 49.0509.0 $3.50 cylinder stud M6 x 109 (110)
44 162011 49.0304.9 $0.60 head nut M6 x 6
44 162012 49.0603.9 $0.20 head washer ∅6
22 162012 49.0603.9 $0.20 intake washer ∅6
33 162013    16.2013 $0.70 case screw M6 x 25 slot
33 162014    16.2014 $0.80 case screw M6 x 55 slot
11 162015    16.2015 $1.00 case screw M6 x 35 slot
33 162016    16.2016 1-.60 L cover screw M6 x 30 slot
77 162016    16.2016 1-.60 R cover screw M6 x 30 slot
22 162017 49.0936.9 $0.90 name plate screw M4 x 12 phil-sunk
11 162018 49.0911.9 $2.00 drain plug M8 x 10 hex13
11 162019 49.0922.0  none  bolt M12 x 26
11 162020 24.0250.0 $8.00 fill plug
33 162025 56.0257.0  none  mount sleeve ∅10 x 48
22 162026 00.0000.0  none  intake bolt M6 x 20? hex
33 162028 49.0841.9 $0.50 screw M4 x 10 phil-wide
11 162029 49.0312.0 $7.00 flywheel nut M10-1.25 x 14 hex15
11 162041 51.0301.9 $9.00 piston bearing Ø12 Ø15 x 15
11 162044    16.2044 $8.00 pinion gear key M95 (to 3-’74)
11 162045    16.2045 none  flywheel key      Mp4 (to 3-’74)
11 163045 49.0124.8 $2.00 flywheel key     M85 (3-’74-on)
11 162050 49.0310.0  none  pinion gear nut note 1
11 162080 00.0000.0  none  primary shaft
10 162092 40.0115.7  none  1st gear 33T
01 121011    12.1011  none  1st gear
10 162093 40.0116.7  none  2nd gear 30T
01 121012    12.1012  none  2nd gear
10 162094 40.0117.7  none  3rd gear 27T
01 121013    12.1013  none  3rd gear
10 162095 40.0118.7  none  4th gear 25T
01 121014    12.1014  none  4th gear
10 162096 40.0177.7  none  5th gear 23T
10 163096 00.0000.0  none  5th gear 24T
10 162097 40.0178.7  none  6th gear 21T
10 163097 00.0000.0  none  6th gear 23T
11 162171 53.0417.0  none  head gasket ∅40-55 x 0.7
11 162172    16.2172  none  exhaust gasket ∅??-?? x ??
11 162174 53.0302.0 none  base gasket ∅44 40×40
11 162175    16.2175  none  case gasket ∅44
11 162177 53.0402.0  none  name plate gasket
11 162187 53.0473.0 $2.00 drain gasket ∅8
11 162188 53.0471.0 $2.00 ring gasket ∅12
11 812205 15.0016.9 $70.0 carburetor Dellorto note 2

11 912401 82.0014.9  none  magneto Ducati 31.02.39 note 3

Note 1. The pinion gear nut has M9-1.0 thread and is 12mm long. Part of the 12mm length is round with 12 or 13mm diameter. The other part of the length is hex 14.

Note 2: The original Dellorto SHA 14/12 carb had a 56 jet, 18 clamp sleeve and a 10236 air cover. The replacement is a genuine Dellorto SHA 14/12 with a 56 jet, 18 clamp sleeve, and no air cover. See Dellorto SHA14 for carb parts and info.

Note 3: The original Ducati 31.02.39 magneto had a 6V 18w lights coil and an internal spark coil. See Ducati magnetos for parts and info.

 


3. 1971-75 Minarelli SP6, P6-70, P6-75

  
1. S ’71-72? SP6   49.6cc (38.8 x 42) P6 Competizione
2. S ’71-72? SP6   49.6cc (38.8 x 42) on Minarelli racer
3. S
’72-75? SP6   49.6cc (38.8 x 42) on Fantic street bike
4. P ’72-74 P6-70 69.9cc (45.0 x 44) on Indian ME76, MX76
3. P ’74-75 P6-75 74.7cc (46.5 x 44) on Indian ME76, MX76

SP6 Changes: At the start of the 1970’s the SP6, aka P6 Competizione, was the racing version of the P6. The SP6 later became a 50cc sport bike engine used by Fantic and others. It had a steel-sleeved aluminum cylinder instead of all cast iron. The engine cases had a different cylinder stud spacing, 48×48 instead of 40×40, and a different case bore, 47mm instead of 44. That allowed for bigger transfer ports and the option of a bigger bore.

 


#   SPP  Indian#     Minarelli#  price   SP6, P6-70, P6-75 .
0   100  0000.0000 38.0021.0  none  crankshaft =1,2,3,4,5 stroke 42
0   011  2110.1001 00.0000.0  none  crankshaft =1,2,3,4,5 stroke 44
1   111  2110.1002 00.0000.0  none  right crank half
2   111  2110.1003 00.0000.0  none  left crank half
3   111  2110.1008 00.0000.0  none  crank pin
4   111  2110.1005 00.0000.0  none  rod bearing
5   111  2110.1006 00.0000.0  none  rod bare

6   111  2110.1008 51.0301.9 $9.00 piston bearing 12-15 x 15
7   100  0000.0000 56.0601.0 $9.50 piston pin ∅12 x 31.5
7   010  2110.1009 00.0000.0  none  piston pin ∅12 x 36?
7   001  2150.1010 00.0000.0  none  piston pin ∅12 x 38?
8   222  2110.1010 03.0213.0 $1.50 piston clip ∅12
9   100  0000.0000 71.0413.0  none  piston assy 38.8 x 12-22-15 std
9   010  2110.1011 71.0435.0  none  piston assy 45.0 x 12-22-15 std
9   001  2150.1001 00.0000.0  none  piston assy 46.5 x 12-22-15 std
10 100  0000.0000 68.0116.0 $11.0 upper ring 38.8 x 2.0 L-type
10 100  0000.0000 68.0115.0 $10.0 lower ring 38.8 x 1.5 GN-gap
10 010  2110.1016 00.0000.0  none  ring set 45.0 x 1.5 GN
10 001  2150.1006 00.0000.0  none  ring set 46.5 x 1.5 GN
11 333  2300.1028 51.0207.9 $16.0 L/R/R crank bearing 6203/C3
12 222  2110.1021 03.0317.9  none  internal retaining ring 40 x 1.0
13 111  2110.1022 53.0507.9 $7.00 right crank seal 17-40-8.5 or 7
14 111  2110.1121 53.0506.9 $7.50 left crank seal 17-35-8 or 7
15 111  2110.1023    16.2044 $8.00 pinion gear key M95 (to 3-’74)
16 111  2300.1024    16.2045 none  flywheel key      Mp4 (to 3-’74)
16 111  2301.1024 49.0124.8 $2.00 flywheel key     M85 (3-’74-on)
17 110  2110.1025 00.0000.0  none  main shaft 10 13 16 18 20 21
17 001  2150.1031 01.0029.0  none  main shaft 10 13 16 18 21 23 wide ratio
18 222  2110.1026 51.0203.9 $10.0 bearing 6202
19 222  2110.1027 49.0645.0  none  washer 13 x 19
21 111  2110.1029 01.0408.7  none  drive shaft
22 333  2110.1031 49.0648.0  none  washer 15 x 25
23 111  2300.1135 03.0303.9 $1.50 external retaining ring 15
24 010  2110.1032 00.0000.0  none  6th gear 23T
24 001  2150.1032 40.0178.7  none  6th gear 21T wide
25 111  2110.1033 40.0618.7  none  selector 5th-6th
26 010  2110.1034 00.0000.0  none  5th gear 24T
26 001  2150.1033 40.0177.7  none  5th gear 23T wide
27 222  2300.1035 49.0654.0  none  washer ∅18-32
28 111  2110.1036 40.0118.7  none  4th gear 25T
30 111  2110.1037 40.0117.7  none  3rd gear 27T
31 111  2110.1038 40.0116.7  none  2nd gear 30T
32 111  2110.1039 03.0305.7  none  internal retaining ring ??
33 111  2110.1040 40.0115.7  none  1st gear 33T
34 022  2110.1028 51.0137.0  none  bushing ∅13-17 x 12
34 200  0000.0000 51.0101.9 $8.00 bearing ∅13-19 x 12
35 111  2110.1042 49.0682.0 $0.00 drive washer ∅35-15 x 1?
36 111  2110.1043 53.0502.9 $6.00 drive seal 15-24-5
37 111  2110.1048 58.0205.0  none  sprocket #420 14 tooth
38 111  2110.1050 49.0606.9  none  sprocket washer ∅10
39 111  2110.1051 49.0313.9  none  sprocket nut
40 111  2110.1052 40.0802.7  none  pinion gear 13T
42 111  2110.1055 49.0310.0  none  pinion gear nut note 1
43 111  2110.1030 40.0080.7  none  clutch gear 60T with hub
44 111  2110.1057 00.0000.0  none  clutch hub
45
46
47
48
49
#   SPP  Indian#     Minarelli#  price   SP6, P6-70, P6-75 .
50 111  2300.1057 51.0403.9 $0.50 steel ball 3/16″
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60 111  2110.1071 43.0019.0  none  clutch lever shaft L=43
61 111  2110.1072 53.0103.6 $1.50 clutch lever o-ring 1.8 x 7.5 (11.1 od)
62 111  2110.1073 46.0209.0  none  clutch lever spring
63 111  2110.1074 49.0811.0  none  clutch lever pin
64 111  2300.1074 65.0133.0 
$6.00 clutch cable stop
65 100  0000.0000 00.0000.0  none  R case ∅47 SP6
65 010  2110.1077 70.0131.0  none  R case ∅47 P6-70,P6R
65 001  2150.1022 70.0131.0  none  R case ∅48 P6-75
66 111  2110.1076 53.0335.0  none  case gasket ∅47
67 100  0000.0000 00.0000.0  none  L case ∅47 SP6
67 010  2110.1077 70.0631.0  none  L case ∅47 P6-70,P6R
67 001  2150.1021 00.0000.0  none  L case ∅48 P6-75
68 222  2110.1078 56.0257.0  none  mount sleeve ∅8-10 x 48
69 033  2300.1088 00.0000.0 $1.00 case screw M6 x 35 slot
69 300  0000.0000 49.0864.9 $0.60 case screw M6 x 35 allen black
70 033  2110.1079 00.0000.0 $0.80 case screw M6 x 55 slot
70 300  0000.0000 49.0868.9 $0.80 case screw M6 x 55 allen black
72 111  2300.1080 24.0250.0 $8.00 fill plug
73 111  2300.1081 53.0401.0 $2.00 fill plug seal washer ∅12
74 111  2300.1082 49.0911.9 $2.00 drain plug M8 x 10 hex13
75 111  2300.1083 53.0473.0 $1.00 drain plug gasket ∅8-16 x 1
76 111  2300.1084 26.0189.0  none  oil splash plate
77 333  2300.1085 49.0629.9 $0.20 washer M4
78 333  2300.1086 49.0841.9 $0.50 screw M4 x 10 phil-wide
79 111  2110.1122 53.0355.0  none  clutch gasket angular 7-hole
80 111  2110.1080 21.0220.0  none  clutch cover 7-hole
81 033  2110.1081 00.0000.0 $0.70 L cover screw M6 x 25 slot
81 300  0000.0000 49.0862.9 $1.00 L cover screw M6 x 30 allen black
81 077  2300.1121 00.0000.0 1-.60 R cover screw M6 x 30 slot
81 700  0000.0000 49.0863.9 $1.00 R cover screw M6 x 30 allen black
82 111  2110.1082 53.0402.0  none  name plate gasket
83 100  0000.0000 75.0103.0  none  name plate “Motori Minarelli”
83 011  2110.1083 00.0000.0  none  name plate “Indian”
84 222  2110.1084 49.0936.9 $0.80 name plate screw M4 x 12 phil-sunk
85 100  0000.0000 82.0014.9  none  magneto Ducati 31.12.39 6V 18w 2 wire
85 011  2110.1085 00.0000.0  none  magneto Ducati 31.12.38 6V 33w 3 or 4 wire
86 111  2300.1094 49.0312.0 $7.00 flywheel nut M10-1.25 x 14 hex15
86 011  2300.1151 49.0622.9 $1.00 washer M10 thin
87
88 111  2110.1123 21.0328.0  none  magneto cover
89 444  2110.1124 49.0513.0 $3.50 cylinder stud M7 x 118
90 111  2110.1086 53.0306.0  none  base gasket ∅48, 48 x 48
91 010  2110.1087 00.0000.0  none  cylinder 70cc ∅45.0 base47
91 001  2150.1011 00.0000.0  none  cylinder 75cc ∅46.5 base48
92 010  2110.1088 00.0000.0  none  head gasket ∅47-58 x 0.3?
92 001  2150.1012 00.0000.0  none  head gasket ∅48-58 x 0.3?
93 011  2110.1089 00.0000.0  none  head 70cc
94 444  2300.1108 49.0604.9 $0.20 head washer M7
95 444  2300.1109 49.0306.9 $1.20 head nut M7 x 7
96 111  2110.1090 00.0000.0 spark plug NGK B8HS
97 111  2300.1104 11.0001.0 spark plug cap C5 screw-on
98 011  2110.1091 00.0000.0  none  intake gasket
99 011  2110.1092 00.0000.0  none  intake pipe ∅23od
#     SPP  Indian#     Minarelli#  price   SP6, P6-70, P6-75 .
100 222  2110.1093 49.0304.9 $0.60 intake nut M6 x 6
101 100  0000.0000 00.0000.0  none  carburetor Dellorto UB22 ?
101 111  2110.1094 15.0029.9  none  carburetor Dellorto SHB19.19D
103 111  2110.1095 00.0000.0 $0.00 exhaust gasket ring ∅30-40 x 2
104 111  2110.1096 00.0000.0  none  exhaust flange
105 444  2110.1097 49.0631.9 $0.30 exhaust washer ∅6
106 444  2110.1098 49.0204.0 $0.00 exhaust nut M6 x 23
107 111  2110.1100 49.0922.0  none  bolt M12 x 26
108 111  2300.1114 53.0471.0  none  seal washer ∅12
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116 111 2300.1123 53.0104.7  none  o-ring
117
118
119
120
121
122 111  2300.1128 51.0406.9 $1.00 steel ball 5/16″
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144 111  2110.1113 03.0318.9  none  internal retaining ring 40 x 1.75

146 011  2120.1008 24.0250.0  none  wires grommet
147 222  2110.1099 49.0603.9 $0.20 intake washer ∅6

150 100  0000.0000 00.0000.0  none  flywheel rotor electronic
150 011  2110.1116 00.0000.0  none  flywheel rotor Ducati 6V 33w

 Note 1. The pinion gear nut has M9-1.0 thread and is 12mm long. Part of the 12mm length is round with 12 or 13mm diameter. The other part of the length is hex 14. 

 


4. 1972-81? Minarelli P6CS

 

1. ’72-78? P6CS, 2. Compact System, 3. Parts list

 

P6CS changes: iron/aluminum cylinder, large fins, 38.8 bore, 49.6cc flat top piston, L-ring

 


figure Minarelli# qty price  description.
00015 15.0029.9 1  none  carb SHA 14/12 jet 56 cover S33
00015 15.0029.9 1 $70.0 carb SHA14/12 jet 56, no cover
00015 15.0029.9 1 $0.00 ∅18, no cable pipe see SHA14
00019 19.0039.0 1  none  cylinder alum. for 3-bolt
00068 71.0413.0 1  none  piston kit flat top L-ring
00068 71.0463.7 1  none  piston kit oversize
05320 53.0306.0none  base gasket ∅47 48×48
05670 56.0601.0 1 $9.50 piston pin Ø12.00 x 31.5
09323 03.0213.0 2 $1.50 piston pin clip  Ø12
49037 49.0306.9$1.20 head nut M7 x 7
49084 49.0513.0$3.50 cylinder stud 7 x 118.5 (120)
49226 49.0841.9 $0.50 stator screw M4 x 10 phil-wide

 

 


5. 1973-82? Minarelli P6R Radiale

 1976 Moto Meteora Minarelli M4 4-speed tubone type frame
1. ’73-77? P6R Radiale, 2. ’76 Moto Meteora, P6R, 3. ’77-82? P6R

 
1. P6R Pressofuso (iron-sleeved aluminum cylinder) parts list
1. P6 (iron cylinder, older head, piston and case) parts different
2. P6R Chromato (chrome-plated aluminum cylinder) parts different

 

Minarelli P6R: has a 49.6cc aluminum cylinder and head with radial cooling fins, 38.8 bore, L type top piston ring, 12mm carburetor. The cylinder, head and piston had two verions, P pressofuso (iron-sleeved aluminum), and C chromato (chrome-plated aluminum).

 

 


figure Minarelli# qty  price  description.
00015 15.0029.9 1  none  carb SHA 14/12 jet 56 cover 10236
00015 15.0029.9 1 $70.0 carb SHA14/12 jet 52, no cover
00015 15.0029.9 1  none  ∅18, no cable pipe see SHA14
00019 19.0038.0 1  none  cylinder 38.8 RADIALE pressofuso
00031 31.0012.7 1 $12.0 air cover F27 large sloping
00031 31.0012.7 1  none  air cover 10236 cylindrical
00062 62.0118.0 1  none  piston bare
00068 71.0413.0 1  none  piston kit flat top L-ring
00068 71.0463.7 1  none  piston kit oversize

00212 21.0220.0 1  none  clutch cover grey
00212 21.0226.0 1  none  clutch cover black
00214 21.0328.0 1  none  magneto cover grey
00214 21.0335.0 1  none  magneto cover black
00214 21.0347.0 1  none  magneto cover black Dansi

00701 70.0131.0 1  none  right case half P6R for ∅47 cyl.
00702 70.0631.0 1  none  left case half P6R for ∅47 cyl.
00702 70.0650.0 1  none  left case half P6R for ∅47 Dansi
05320 53.0306.0none  base gasket ∅47 48×48
05350 53.0430.0 1  none  head gasket ∅40-58 x 0.5
05670 56.0601.0 1 $9.50 piston pin Ø12.00 x 31.5
09323 03.0213.0 2 $1.50 piston pin clip  Ø12
49037 49.0306.9$1.20 head nut M7 x 7
49084 49.0513.0$3.50 cylinder stud 7 x 118.5 (120)
49226 49.0841.9$0.50 stator screw M4 x 10 phil-wide

 

 


6. 1978-82? Minarelli P6 Corsa Corta


1. ’79 P6 Corsa Corta, versions Cross and Regolarita
2. ’80 Italjet PR6 with Minarelli P6 Corsa Corta Cross


1. ’78-78 Cross ∅18, ∅22 and Regolarita ∅28 parts list
2. ’79-80 Cross ∅18, ∅22 and Regolarita ∅28 parts list
3. ’78-79 18, 22, 28 carburetors and other parts

1. ’80 Trial, Raffredamento Misto, Regolarita ∅26
2. ’80 12, 26 carburetors and other parts

 

P6 Corsa Corta changes: “Corsa corta” is Italian for “short stroke”. The stroke decreased from 42 to 39 mm. The bore increased from 38.8 to 40.3 mm. The displacement only changed from 49.6cc to 49.7cc.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

page 66, 68 Minarelli P4 P6 magneto, carburetor parts (026 missing)

 

page 70: Minarelli P4 P6 transmission parts, covers, levers, tools

 


Crankshaft parts for all motors 1960’s – 70’s